Natural products are registered by the US EPA Biopesticide and Pollution Prevention Division as ‘microbials’ or ‘biochemicals.’ A microbial is a product containing a living or dead microorganism (examples: Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacillus subtilis). A biochemical is a naturally occurring compound or mix of compounds (e.g., pheromone or citronella oil) with a nontoxic mode of action. The cost of the toxicology tests required to register a biopesticide is approximately $150-$300K (typically oral, intravenous and intraperitoneal acute toxicity and pathogenicity tests on rats, dermal and eye irritation tests on rabbits, a dermal sensitization test on guinea pigs; ecotoxicity studies are conducted on trout, quail, honeybee, Daphnia, lacewing, lady bird beetle, and parasitic wasp). Approval is approximately 12-24 months after registration package submission.